At a depth of 70 m it is constantly at 17–18 ☌. The temperature of the sea water reaches a minimum of 17 ☌ in February and a maximum of 32 ☌ in August. On average, the mean annual precipitation reaches up to 645 mm. The average maximum temperature reaches its highest at 30.8 ☌ in August and the average minimum temperature its lowest at 10 ☌ in January. On average, it has 300 days of sun a year and a yearly temperature of 20.8 ☌. Tyre has a Hot-summer mediterranean climate (classified as Csa under the Köppen climate classification), characterized by six months of drought from May to October. The demonym for Tyre is Tyrian, and the inhabitants are Tyrians. It gave rise to Latin Tyrus, which entered English during the Middle English period as Tyre. The predominant form in Classical Greek was Týros (Τύρος), which was first seen in the works of Herodotus but may have been adopted considerably earlier. In Semitic languages, the name of the city means "rock" after the rocky formation on which the town was originally built. EtymologyĮarly names of Tyre include Akkadian Ṣurru, Phoenician Ṣūr, and Hebrew Tzór. Vast reserves of natural gas are estimated to lie beneath Lebanese waters, much of it off Tyre's coast, but exploitation has been delayed by border disputes with Israel. However, a tsunami following an earthquake and subsequent landslides and floods pose major natural risks to the Tyrian population. Though it has suffered a number of devastating earthquakes over the millennia, the threat level is considered to be low in most places and moderate in a few others. In terms of geomorphology and seismicity, Tyre is close to the Roum Fault and the Yammouneh Fault. Tyre's urban area lies on a fertile coastal plain, which explains the fact that as of 2017 about 44% of its territory was used for intra-urban agriculture, while built-up land constituted over 40%. The part of the original island not covered by the modern city of Tyre is mostly of an archaeological site showcasing remains of the city from ancient times.įour municipalities contribute to Tyre city's 16.7 km 2 built-up area, though none are included in their entirety: Sour municipality contains the heart of the city, excluding the Natural and Coastal Reserve Burj El Shimali to the East without unpopulated agricultural lands Abbasiyet Sour to the North without agricultural lands and a dislocated village and Ain Baal to the South-East, also without agricultural lands and dislocated villages. This isthmus increased greatly in width over the centuries because of extensive silt depositions on either side. The present city of Tyre covers a large part of the original island and has expanded onto and covers most of the causeway built by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE. In addition there are the springs of Al Bagbog and Ain Ebreen in the North as well as the Litani River, also known as Alqasymieh. ![]() Throughout history from prehistoric times onwards, all settlements in the Tyre area profited from the abundance of fresh water supplies, especially from the nearby springs of Rashidieh and Ras Al Ain in the South. Tyre juts out from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea and is located about 80km (50miles) south of Beirut.It originally consisted of two distinct urban centres: Tyre itself, which was on an island just offshore, and the associated settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland, later called Palaetyrus, meaning "Old Tyre" in Ancient Greek. There were approximately 200,000 inhabitants in the Tyre urban area in 2016, including many refugees, as the city hosts three of the twelve Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon: Burj El Shimali, El Buss, and Rashidieh. ![]() It is the capital of the Tyre District in the South Governorate. Today Tyre is the fourth largest city in Lebanon after Beirut, Tripoli, and Sidon. The historian Ernest Renan noted that "One can call Tyre a city of ruins, built out of ruins". The city has many ancient sites, including the Tyre Hippodrome, and was added as a whole to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1984. It was one of the earliest Phoenician metropolises and the legendary birthplace of Europa, her brothers Cadmus and Phoenix, as well as Carthage's founder Dido (Elissa). Tyre ( Arabic: صور|translit=Ṣūr Phoenician: |translit=Ṣūr, Greek Tyros, Τύρος) is a city in Lebanon, one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a tiny population. Image courtesy of the NASA Johnson Space Center Abbassieh, Ain Baal, Borj Ech Chemali, Sour
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